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Civil Litigation Cases - General (2). The Morgan Investments Group Inc. et al. v. Adi Development Group Inc. et al.
In The Morgan Investments Group Inc. et al. v. Adi Development Group Inc. et al. (Ont Div Ct, 2026) the Ontario Divisional Court generally considered principles for cost awards:What Amount of Costs Should be Awarded?
[9] The following general principles, described by L.B. Roberts, J.A., in Apotex Inc. v. Eli Lilly Canada Inc., 2022 ONCA 587, govern the award of costs in a civil proceeding:59 The relevant principles to be applied in a court's exercise of its discretion to award costs under s. 131 of the Courts of Justice Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. C.43 are well established. They include the myriad factors enumerated in rule 57.01(1) of the Rules of Civil Procedure, such as: the result achieved, the amounts claimed and recovered, the complexity and importance of the issues in the proceeding, as well as "any other matter relevant to the question of costs". This is not a mechanical exercise or a rubber stamp.
60 A proper costs assessment requires a court to undertake a critical examination of the relevant factors as applied to the costs claimed and then "step back and consider the result produced and question whether, in all the circumstances, the result is fair and reasonable" …
61 The overarching objective is to fix an amount of costs that is objectively reasonable, fair, and proportionate for the unsuccessful party to pay in the circumstances of the case, rather than to fix an amount based on the actual costs incurred by the successful litigant.
62 While the reasonable expectation of the parties concerning the amount of a costs award is a relevant factor that informs the determination of what is fair and reasonable, it is not the only, determinative factor and cannot be allowed to overwhelm the analysis of what is objectively reasonable in the circumstances of the case. To hold otherwise would result in the means of the parties artificially inflating costs with the concomitant chilling effect on access to justice for less wealthy parties…
63 Although each costs assessment is a fact-driven exercise related to a particular case, consistency with comparable awards in like cases is desirable and the reasonableness of costs that represent an outlier must be objectively and carefully scrutinized, taking into account the chilling effect on litigation that this kind of award could have. …
65 Costs that are reasonable, fair, and proportionate for a party to pay in the circumstances of the case should reflect what is reasonably predictable and warranted for the type of activity undertaken in the circumstances of the case, rather than the amount of time that a party's lawyer is willing or permitted to expend. The party required to pay the successful party's costs "must not be faced with an award that does not reasonably reflect the amount of time and effort that was warranted by the proceedings".
66 The party seeking costs bears the burden of proving them to be reasonable, fair, and proportionate. The absence of dockets is not an automatic bar to proving or receiving an award of costs: Leonard v. Zychowicz, 2022 ONCA 212, at para. 33. However, absent dockets, a description of the activities for which fees and disbursements are claimed must be sufficient to permit for the kind of close scrutiny that the court is required to undertake. The material provided for the assessment must allow the court to come to a conclusion as to the amount of time reasonably required by the party seeking costs to deal with all aspects of the proceedings for which costs are claimed, including whether there was over-lawyering or unnecessary duplication of legal work: Restoule, at para. 355. Bald statements do not assist the court with this task but give rise to the kind of mechanical calculation of hours times rates that this court cautioned against in Boucher, at para. 26, and in McNaughton Automotive Limited v. Co-operators General Insurance Co., 2009 ONCA 598, 255 O.A.C. 362, at para. 17. [Citations omitted.]
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