In R. v. Krawczyk (Ont CA, 2024) the Ontario Court of Appeal stated a point about reasons and (jury) cautions:
[49] A trial judge in a judge alone trial is not required to specifically give himself a Vetrovec warning in his reasons because trial judges are presumed to know the law: R. v. Fuller, 2021 ONCA 888, at para. 19. ...
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