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TOPICS

(What's a Topic?)


Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms


CHARTERPEDIA (third party resource)

Whether you are new to the Charter or even if you've been working with it for years, the federal government's 'Charterpedia' is - IMHO - the best summarizing resource available online. Readers involves in Charter law would do themselves a service by reviewing it all on a regular basis.

Charterpedia



BACKGROUND

My legal career has roughly spanned the life of the Charter, and I have been involved with several Charter cases, two of them successful - one to the Supreme Court of Canada [Ramsden v. Peterborough (City) (SCC, 1993)]. Canada is blessed with an 'active' constitution, primarily in the form of the Charter but also in it's Constitution (non-Charter) form (typically in the 'division of powers' doctrine).

Charter - Interpretation (+)
Charter - 'Values' (+)
Charter - Development

Charter - Appeals
Charter - Judicial Review (JR)



SUB-TOPICS


ABUSE OF PROCESS
Charter - Abuse of Process


ADMINISTRATIVE
Charter - Administrative (+) [#ADMINISTRATIVE]


AGENCY
Charter - Agency


APPLICATION [s.32]
Charter - Application (s.32) (+)


ARBITRARINESS
Charter - Arbitrariness


ASSOCIATION, FREEDOM OF [s.2(d)]
Charter - Association (s.2d) (+)
Charter - Freedom of Association v. Freedom of Expression


CAUSATION
Charter - Causation


COMMON LAW
Charter - Common Law


COUNSEL, RIGHT TO [s.10(b)]
Charter - Right to Counsel [s.10(b)] (+)


CRUEL AND UNUSUAL [s.12]
Charter - Cruel and Unusual Treatment or Punishment (s.12) (+)


DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS [s.3]
Charter - Democratic Rights (s.3) (+)


DETENTION AND IMPRISONMENT [s.9/10]
Charter - Detention (s.9)
Charter - Detention - 'Informed Promptly of Reasons for' [s.10(a)]


DISCRETION
Charter - Discretion


DISCRIMINATION [s.15]

General
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Purpose
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Test

Discrimination
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) (+)
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Analogous Grounds
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Prima Facie
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Adverse Effect
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Partial Discrimination

Types of Discrimination
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Sexual Orientation
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Sex

Procedures
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Pleadings

Standing
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Standing

Causation
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Causation

Remedies
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Remedy
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - 'Incrementalism'

Evidence
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Evidence

Other
Charter - Discrimination (s.15) - Contrast with Human Rights Law


DOUBLE JEOPARDY
Charter - Double Jeopardy [s.11(h)]


EDUCATION
Charter - Education


EVIDENCE
Charter - Evidence
Charter - Exclusion of Criminal Evidence [s.24(2)] (+)
Charter - Evidence - 'Reasonable Foreseeable Scenarios' (formerly 'Hypotheticals')


EXPRESSION [s.2(b)]
Charter - Freedom of Expression (s.2b) (+)
Charter - Freedom of Expression (s.2b) - Commercial


FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS [s.2]
Charter - Fundamental Freedoms (s.2)


HABEAS CORPUS [s.10(c)]
Habeas Corpus [#HABEAS-CORPUS]
Charter - Habeas Corpus [s.10(c)]


HUMAN RIGHTS CODE
Charter - Human Rights Code (HRC)


INDEPENDENT AND IMPARTIAL TRIBUNAL
Charter - 'Independent and Impartial Tribunal' [s.11(d)]


INDIGENOUS
Indigenous Rights and the Charter [s.25]


INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTIONS AND STAYS (RJR)
Charter - Interlocutory Injunctions and Stays (RJR)


JURY TRIAL RIGHT [s.11(f)]
Charter - Jury Trial Right Where Five Years Imprisonment [(s.11(f)]


LANGUAGE INTERPRETATION (TRANSLATION FOR LEGAL PROCEEDINGS) [s.14]
Charter - Language Interpretation (s.14)


LANGUAGE RIGHTS [s.16-23]
Charter - Language Rights (s.16-23) (+)


LEGAL RIGHTS [s.7]

Charter - Legal Rights (s.7) (+)

Charter - s.7 General
Charter - s.7 'Bedford Analysis'

Charter - s.7 Fundamental Justice
Charter - s.7 Life
Charter - s.7 Liberty
Charter - s.7 Security of the Person

Charter - s.7 Vagueness
Charter - s.7 Overbreadth
Charter - s.7 Arbitrariness
Charter - s.7 Absolute Liability


LESSER PUNISHMENT [s.11(i)]
Charter - Lesser Punishment [s.11(i)] (+)


LIMITATIONS
Charter - Limitations


MOBILITY RIGHTS [s.6]
Charter - Mobility Rights (s.6) (+)


MOOTNESS
Charter - Mootness


NOTICE OF CONSTITUTIONAL QUESTION
Constitution - Notice of Constitutional Question


NOTWITHSTANDING CLAUSE [s.33]
Charter - 'Notwithstanding Clause' (s.33)


OAKES TEST [s.1]

General
Charter - Oakes Test (s.1) (+)

Oakes Elements
Charter - s.1 Oakes Test - Pressing and Substantial Objective
Charter - s.1 Oakes Test - Proportionality
. Charter - s.1 Oakes Test - Minimum Impairment (+)
. Charter - s.1 Oakes Test - Rational Connection
. Charter - s.1 Oakes Test - Means-Ends Balancing

Other
Charter - s.1 Dore versus Oakes


OVERBREADTH
Charter - Overbreadth


PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY [s.2(c)]
Charter - Peaceful Assembly [s.2(c)]


POSITIVE RIGHTS
Charter - Positive Rights


PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE
Charter - Presumption of Innocence [s.11(d)]


PRESUMPTION OF STATUTORY CONFORMITY
Charter - Presumption of Statutory Conformity


PROCEDURE
Charter - Procedure
|||Notice of constitutional question [Courts of Justice Act, s.109 (Ont)] [#COURTS]


PROCEEDINGS IN CRIMINAL AND PENAL MATTERS [s.11(a-i)]
Charter - 'Proceedings in Criminal and Penal Matters' [s.11(a-i)]


PURPOSE OF IMPUGNED LAW
Charter - Purpose of Impugned Law


RELIGION, FREEDOM OF [s.2(a)]
Charter - Freedom of Religion [s.2(a)] (+)


REMEDIES

s.24(1) Enforcement
Charter - Remedies [s.24(1)] (+)
Charter - Stays [s.24(1)]
Charter - Damages (+)
Charter - References

s.52(1) Primacy
Constitution - Declarations of Invalidity (s.52) (+) [#]


RETROACTIVE OFFENCES [s.11(g)]
Charter - Retroactive Offences [s.11(g)]


SEARCH AND SEIZURE [s.8]

General
Charter - Search and Seizure (s.8) - Test
Charter - Search and Seizure (s.8) - Analytic Framework

*** Charter - Search and Seizure (s.8) (+)
[These are mixed pre-2026 s.11(b) cases that require sorting by sub-topic.]

Issues
Charter - Search and Seizure (s.8) - Informational Privacy (+)
Charter - Search and Seizure (s.8) - 'Reasonable Expectation of Privacy' (+)

Areas of Law
Charter - Search and Seizure (s.8) - Administrative
Charter - Search and Seizure (s.8) - Border and Customs

Standing
Charter - Search and Seizure (s.8) - Standing

Common Law
Charter - Search and Seizure (s.8) - Ancillary Powers


SELF-INCRIMINATION
Charter - Self-Incrimination (s.13)
Charter - Compellability [s.11(c)]


STANDING
Charter - Standing


STARE DECISIS (CHARTER)
Charter - Stare Decisis


'SUSPENSION' OF RIGHTS
Charter - 'Suspension' of Rights


TRIAL DELAY [s.11(b)]

General
Charter - s.11(b) Trial Delay - Basics

*** Charter - Trial Delay [s.11(b)] (+)
[These are mixed pre-2026 s.11(b) cases that require sorting by sub-topic.]

Types of Delay
Charter - s.11(b) Trial Delay - Court Delay
Charter - s.11(b) Trial Delay - Crown Delay
Charter - s.11(b) Trial Delay - Court Delay

Exceptional Circumstances

Discrete Exceptional Circumstances
Charter - s.11(b) Trial Delay - Discrete Exceptional Circumstances
Charter - Trial Delay [s.11(b)] - COVID

Complex Case Exceptional Circumstances
Charter - s.11(b) Trial Delay - Complex Case Exceptional Circumstances

Other
Charter - s.11(b) Joint Prosecutions
Charter - s.11(b) Trial Delay - Residual Court Remedial Discretion

Supreme Court of Canada Cases
Charter - s.11(b) Trial Delay - Jacques-Taylor (SCC, 2026)
Charter - s.11(b) Trial Delay - Vrbanic (SCC, 2026)

Appeals
Charter - s.11(b) Trial Delay - Appeals


VAGUENESS
Charter - Vagueness



CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms



THIRD-PARTY RESOURCES

Wikipedia - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

CC0

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Last modified: 12-06-26
By: admin